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| "N'Ko" written in N'Ko |
I've reproduced below a translation into N'Ko of a FAQ on Ebola provided by the World Health Organization's (WHO) Regional Office for Africa, which was done by Boubacar Diakité and Baba Mamadi Diané.This was one of the translations mentioned in a previous post on this blog that have been facilitated by Athinkra, LLC. (Thanks to Charles Riley for his help.)
N'Ko was invented by Soulemayne Kante in Guinea in 1949. Although it is not officially recognized by any government, its use has been spread by grassroots education efforts in several countries in West Africa. It is written right to left, and includes tone marks.
ߢߌ߬ߣߌ߲߬ߞߊ߬ߟߌ߬ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫
ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ ߢߐߛߌ ߟߊߞߏߘߐ߫
ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ ߢߐߛߌ ߦߋ߫ ߡߎ߲߬ ߘߌ߫؟
ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ ߦߋ߫ ߓߣߊ߬ߖߎ߰ ߜߍߟߍ߲߫ ߞߟߊߞߟߊߡߊ
ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲ ߘߐ߫ ߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߡߐ߰
ߝߊ߰ ߟߊ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߢߊߕߍ߯ߘߐߡߊ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬
ߕߍ߫ ߡߐ߰ ߘߌ߫ ߸ ߦߏ߫ (
ߜߐ߲߭،
ߥߏ߬ߘߏ߲، ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߏ߲ߞߏߡߐ߰ߣߍ߲ )߸
ߞߵߏ ߞߎ߲߭ ߞߍ߫ ߊ߬ߟߋ߬ ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ߫ ߢߐߛߌ߫
ߞߟߊߞߟߊߡߊ ߞߍ ߘߌ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬،
ߓߣߊ߬ ߞߟߊ߬ߞߟߊ߬ߡߊ߬ߓߊ߫ ߟߋ߬߸ ߡߍ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߝߊ߰ߟߌ
ߞߍ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߌߞߘߐ߫ ߸ ߞߏ߬ߣߌ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߓߴߛߋ߫ ߡߊߕߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬
ߟߊ߫.
ߖߊ߲߬ߞߊߙߏ ߣߌ߲߬ ߦߋ߫ ߖߍ߲ߛߍ߲߫ ߠߊ߫ ߘߌ߬؟
ߢߐߛߌ ߣߌ߲߬ ߡߊߞߍ߫ ߦߙߐ߫ ߛߎ߲ߞߎ߲ߡߊ ߟߐ߲ߣߍ߲߫
ߕߍ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߘߏ߲߬ ߞߍߟߌ ߞߊ߬ ߡߐ߰ ߡߌ߬ߘߊ߬ ߝߟߐ ߞߍ߫
ߏ߬ ߘߐߞߣߍߣߍ߲߫ ߕߍ߫،
ߞߏ߬ߣߌ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߛߌߦߊߡߊ߲ ߘߐ߫ ߸ ߊ߬ ߞߊ߬ ߡߐ߰ ߝߟߐ
ߡߍ߲ ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߏ߬ ߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߣߌߡߊߝߋ߲߫
ߓߣߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߕߐ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߛߌߟߊ ߝߍ߬.
ߝߣߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߢߐߛߌ ߓߴߛߋ߫ ߡߐ߰ ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߠߴߊ߬
ߟߊ߫ ߡߐ߰ ߡߌ߬ߣߊ߬ߣߍ߲ ߡߊ߰ߢߐ߲߰ߠߊ ߘߐ߫ ߸ ߊ߬
ߝߊ߬ߘߌ߬ߡߊ߬ ߖߌ ߣߌ߫ ߖߋ߬ߟߌ ߣߌ߫ ߘߊߖߌ ߣߌ߫
ߞߐߡߊߕߊ߮ ߣߌ߫ ߕߙߊߖߌ ߣߌ߫ ߘߏ߫ ߜߘߍ߫ ߟߎ߫ ߛߌߟߊ
ߝߍ߬ ߜߍ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߤߊߟߌ߬ ߓߣߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߕߐ ߟߊ߫
ߝߊ߬ߣߌ߲߬ ߣߐ߯ߣߍ߲ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߛߌߟߊ ߝߍ߬.
ߊ߬ ߓߴߛߋ߫ ߡߐ߰ ߟߊߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ ߠߊ߫ ߝߋ߲߫ ߜߘߍ߫
ߟߎ߫ ߛߌߟߊ ߝߍ߬߸ ߦߏ߫ ߛߊ߬ߦߌ߬ߟߊ߲ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬
ߡߊߣߐߘߐ߲ߞߐߣߍ߲߫ ߊ߬ ߕߌ߰ߟߊ߬ߡߐ߮ ߡߊ߬ߖߌ ߟߎ߬
ߟߊ߫.
ߊ߬ ߞߐ߯ߟߌ ߞߎ߲߬ߕߊ߮ ߕߋ߬ߟߊ߫ ߂-߂߁
ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ ߕߐ߰ߡߊ߬ߛߙߋ ߣߴߊ߬ ߥߟߏߒߡߊߞߏ ߟߎ߬
ߦߋ߫ ߡߎ߲߬ ߘߌ߫؟
- ߝߊ߬ߘߌ߬ߜߊ
- ߝߣߐ
- ߞߣߐߓߏߙߌ
- ߞߊ߲ߠߊߓߊ߯ߣߍ߲
- ߞߎ߬ߘߋ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߝߛߊ߬ ߘߌߡߌ߲
- ߞߣߐߘߌߡߌ߲
- ߞߎ߲߬ߘߌߡߌ߲
- ߡߊߞߌ߬ߛߍߞߌ߬ߛߍ
- ߝߊ߬ߘߌ ߡߊߞߌ߬ߛߍߞߌ߬ߛߍ ߣߌ߫ ߢߊߞߌߛߍ ߥߎ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߠߌ߲߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߛߌ߬ߞߏ߲ߕߌ ߣߌ߫ ߖߋ߬ߟߌ߬ߓߐ ߝߊ߬ߘߌ ߡߊ߬߸ ߏ߬ ߓߍ߯ ߦߴߊ߬ ߥߟߏߢߊ ߘߏ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߖߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬ߙߏ߬ߕߐ ߡߊ߬.
ߊ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߡߊߕߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߘߌ߬؟
- ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊߕߐ ߝߊ߬ߘߌ߬ߡߊ߬ߖߌ ߕߋߟߋ߲ߒߡߊ߫ ߡߊ߲߯ߢߐ߲߯ߦߊ ߡߊߕߊ߲߬ߞߊ ߸ ߥߟߴߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߛߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߕߐ ߡߊߕߊ߲߬ߞߊ ߓߟߏߡߊߘߏ߲ ߠߊ߫߸ ߡߊ߬ߕߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ ߢߟߊ ߟߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߞߎ߲߬ߡߊ߬ߘߏ߲ ߠߊ߫.
- ߞߊ߬ ߕߊ߯ ߡߐ߱ ߡߊߟߐ߬ ߜߋߙߋ߲ߜߋߙߋ߲ߦߘߊ ߡߊߛߎߘߎ߲ ߘߏ߫ ߟߊ߫ ߖߏߣߊ߫߸ ߕߎ߲߬ߞߎ߬ߙߎ߲߬ ߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊߕߐߦߊ ߟߊ߫߸ ߛߊ߫ ߞߊ߬ ߘߐ߰ߘߏ߲߬ ߞߍ߫ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߖߏߣߊ߫. ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊߕߐ ߡߊ߰ߢߐ߲߰ߠߊ߬ߓߊ߮ ߟߎ߫ ߣߐ߬ߝߍ߬ߓߐߟߌ ߣߴߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߜߋ߬ߟߎ߲߬ߠߌ߲ ߦߋ߫ ߏ߬ ߘߐ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߞߘߎ߬ߜߍߟߍ߲ ߠߋ߬ ߘߌ߫.
- ߊ߬ߟߋ߬ ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ ߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߛߕߊ ߘߌ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߞߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊߘߊ߬ߙߏ߬ ߡߊ߬ߕߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬ߝߋ߲߫ ߝߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬ߡߊ ߟߎ߫ ߟߋ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߞߊ߬ ߕߊ߯ ߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߛߎ߬ߘߏ߲߬ ߌߞߘߐ߫.
- ߕߎ߲߬ߞߎߙߎ߲߫ ߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊߞߏ ߡߊ߬߸ ߞߊ߬ ߥߊ߫ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߡߊߓߏ߬ߙߌ߬ ߜߋߙߋ߲ߜߋߙߋ߲ߦߘߊ߫ ߡߊߛߎߘߎ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߖߏߣߊ߫.
- ߕߎ߲߬ߞߎ߬ߙߎ߲߬ ߓߊ߯ ߞߍ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߊ߬ ߗߏ߯ߦߊ ߘߏ߫ ߦߋ߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߘߐߙߐ߲߫߸ ߞߵߏ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߓߣߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߕߐ ߕߐ߭ ߟߎ߬ ߓߐ߫ ߢߐ߲߮ ߞߊ߲߬߸ ߞߵߊ߬ ߟߊߞߋ߲߬ߛߎ߬ ߛߍߡߦߊ ߛߋߒߞߏߟߦߊ ߞߐ߬ߣߐߡߊ߬ ߞߋߟߋ߲ߘߌ߫.
- ߘߊ߲ߘߊߛߏ ߓߊ߯ߙߟߊ ߓߍ߯ ߣߌ߫ ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ ߛߎ߲ߞߎ߲ ߞߊ߬ߟߊߡߦߊ߬ߟߌ ߟߋ߬ ߞߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߴߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߞߟߊߞߟߊߡߦߊ ߛߌߟߊ ߟߎ߬. ߓߌ߲ߓߌ߲ߠߌ߲߫ ߞߙߍߞߙߍߣߍ߲߫ ߞߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߞߍ߫ ߞߍߢߊ߫ ߣߊ߬ߕߐ ߢߌ߲߬ ߠߎ߫ ߟߐ߬ߞߎ߬ߟߌ ߞߊ߲߬: ߦߏ߫ ߣߊ߬ߝߏߟߏ߲ ߛߐ߰ߟߌ߸ ߖߋ߬ߟߌ߸ ߟߊ߬ߓߎ߬ߦߌ߬ߟߌ߸ ߘߐ߬ߛߏ߬ߛߏ߬ߟߌ߸ ߝߙߋ߬ߞߋ߬ߘߐ߬ߦߊ ߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߛߏ߬ߛߏ߬ߟߌ߬ ߕߙߏߞߏ ߟߎ߬߸ ߣߌ߲߬ ߓߍ߯ ߦߋ߫ ߞߍ߫ ߛߍߡߦߊ ߞߎ߬ߙߎ߲߬ߘߎ ߘߊ߲߬ߠߊߕߍ߰ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߫ ߞߐ߬ߣߐߡߊ߬.
ߡߐ߱ ߞߋ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߞߋ߬ߟߋ߲߬ߠߊ߫ ߓߍ߯ ߣߴߊ߬ ߕߊ߫
ߘߎ߲߬ߘߎ߬ߡߊ߬ ߓߟߏߡߊߘߏ߲߸ ߞߎ߲߬ߡߊ߬ߘߏ߲߸ ߊ߬
ߣߌ߫ ߡߊ߬ߕߊ߲߬ߞߊ߬ߟߊ߲߬ ߢߟߊ ߞߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬
ߞߍ߫،
ߝߣߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫ ߡߎߙߊ߲߫ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊߣߍ߲߫
ߟߊߝߟߌ߬ߓߊߟߌ ߟߎ߬ ߡߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߟߊߓߊ߯ߙߊ߫
ߝߋߎ߫߸ ߝߏ߫ ߣߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߢߐߛߌߒߕߊ߲ߧߊ߫ ߘߊ߫.
- ߊ߬ߟߋ߬ ߖߊ߲߬ߞߊߙߏ ߘߌ߫ ߛߋ߫ ߟߊߖߍ߲ߛߍ߲߫ ߠߊ߫ ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊߕߐ ߟߊ߫ ߝߊ߰ߣߌ߲߬ ߣߐ߯ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߛߌߟߊ ߝߍ߬߸ ߥߟߴߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߟߊߝߋ߲߫ ߟߊߒߞߣߐ ߟߎ߫ ߝߍ߬߸ ߏ߬ ߞߏߛߐ߲߫ ߝߏ߫ ߞߵߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߢߐߛߌߒߕߊ߲ߧߊ߫ ߟߋ߬.
- ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ ߓߘߊ߫ ߡߊ߰ ߡߌ߬ߙߌ߲߬ߘߌ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߟߊ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߬ ߦߴߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߞߊߘߊ߲߫ ߞߙߊߕߊߕߊ߫ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߛߏߡߐ߮ ߟߎ߬ ߡߊߜߍ߲߫ ߖߊ߲߬ߞߊߙߏ ߣߌ߲߬ ߛߎ߲ߞߎ߲ ߞߎ߲߬ߠߊ߬ߝߎߟߋ߲ ߠߊ߫ ߓߘߍߞߍ߭߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߝߍ߬ߙߍ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߞߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߛߌ߰ ߛߋ߲߬ߞߊ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߡߊ߲߬ߕߊߣߌ߲ ߘߟߊߞߎ߬ߘߎ ߘߐ߫ ߜߎߕߙߎ߬، ߞߵߏ߬ ߟߴߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߡߐ߰ ߝߊ߰ߣߍ߲ ߠߎ߫ ߛߎ߬ߘߏ߲ ߞߍߢߊ ߞߊ߲߬. ߊ߬ߟߋ߬ ߛߊߦߌߘߊ߲ߜߊ ߞߍߣߍ߲߫ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߬ ߛߕߊ ߘߌ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߛߎ߬ߘߏ߲ ߞߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߠߋ߬ ߞߊ߬ ߟߞߊߟߌߦߊ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߝߊ߲ߕߊ߲ߞߊ߫ ߞߐ߲ߞߐ߲ ߞߐ߬ߣߐߡߊ߬.
ߟߊ߬ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߠߌ߲
ߌߞߏߡߌ߲߬ ߊ߬ ߟߊ߫ ߡߐ߰ ߟߊ߬ߛߐ߬ߘߐ߲߬ߧߊ߬ ߝߟߐ
ߦߋ߫ ߡߊ߰ߟߌ ߟߋ߬ ߘߌ߫ ߞߟߊߞߟߊߡߊ ߟߊ߫߸ ߖߋ߬ߟߌ
ߘߐ߫߸ ߓߎ߬ߦߌ߬ߕߊ ߘߐ߫߸ ߊ߬ ߣߌ߫ ߝߊ߬ߘߌ߬ߡߊ߬ߖߌ
ߘߐ߫߸ ߏ߬ ߞߏߛߐ߲߬ ߡߐ߱ ߟߎ߬ ߞߊ߫ ߞߊ߲߫ ߞߊ߬ ߕߏ߫
ߜߋ߬ߟߎ߲߬ߠߌ߲߬ ߜߘߋߜߘߋ ߞߐ߬ߣߐߡߊ߬ ߡߍ߲ ߠߎ߫
ߕߘߍ߬ ߓߣߊ߬ߓߊ߰ߕߐ ߛߋ߲߬ߘߐ߫ ߛߌߟߊ ߏ߬ ߟߎ߫ ߝߍ߬߸
ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߫ ߝߊ߬ߘߌ ߜߊ߲߬ߘߌ߬ߦߊ ߡߊߝߟߍ߫ ߕߋ߬ߟߋ
ߞߘߐ߫ ߛߋ߲߬ߧߊ߫ ߝߌ߬ߟߊ߬،
ߞߊ߬ߕߎ߲߯ ߸ ߞߵߊ߬ߟߎ߬ ߟߊߘߏ߲߬ ߘߊ߲ߘߊߛߏ ߟߊ߫
ߞߊߟߌߦߊ߫ ߘߐ߫ ߌߞߘߐ߫ ߣߴߊ߬ ߦߋ߫ ߘߊ߫ ߞߏ߫ ߊ߬
ߝߊ߬ߘߌ߬ߜߊ ߢߐ߲߰ ߦߴߊ߬ ߘߏ߫ ߟߊ߫.
ߟߊ߬ߝߛߊ߬ߟߌ ߣߌ߫ ߟߊ߬ߛߋ߬ߟߌ ߓߌ߬ߟߊ߬ߢߐ߲߰ߡߊ߬ߘߊ
ߜߋߟߋ߲ߜߋߟߋ߲߫ ߝߙߍߕߍ :
+߄߇߂ ߄߁߃ ߉߄߂߀،
+ ߂߄߂ ߀߆ ߆߁߄
߂߄߀߁
ߢߎߡߍߙߋ߲ߞߏ߲ߘߏ :
afrgodrdcam@who.int
Source: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa
Addendum (24 Sept. 2014):
The main reasons for posting this are: demonstration; and facilitation of review, reading, revisions, and re-use (4 R's?) of the text. A secondary purpose was to test support for the N'Ko script.
N'Ko was added to Unicode in July 2006, which is what makes it possible to post and read it in a blog like this. However, posting the text presented an unexpected challenge, since copying and pasting from the PDF made available by Athinkra on its site resulted in problems, including reversal of the right-to-left text to left-to-right. Pasting from Word document version supplied by Charles Riley held the text formatting without problem (there were minor issues with bullets and indents).
On the whole, it is impressive what one can do on current systems. There would seem to be no reason not to use the internet for dissemination of webpages and mobile content about ebola in N'Ko, although there would need to be attention to testing of commonly used systems and of ways to feed or facilitate loading of fonts that include N'Ko.
Addendum (25 Sept. 2014):
After some helpful observations from Charles Riley on display of this post in different browsers, I've revised some of the HTML and the N'Ko text should now be readable on more systems. I'll write about lessons learned in an upcoming post on this blog. [See here.]
Addendum (24 Sept. 2014):
The main reasons for posting this are: demonstration; and facilitation of review, reading, revisions, and re-use (4 R's?) of the text. A secondary purpose was to test support for the N'Ko script.
N'Ko was added to Unicode in July 2006, which is what makes it possible to post and read it in a blog like this. However, posting the text presented an unexpected challenge, since copying and pasting from the PDF made available by Athinkra on its site resulted in problems, including reversal of the right-to-left text to left-to-right. Pasting from Word document version supplied by Charles Riley held the text formatting without problem (there were minor issues with bullets and indents).
On the whole, it is impressive what one can do on current systems. There would seem to be no reason not to use the internet for dissemination of webpages and mobile content about ebola in N'Ko, although there would need to be attention to testing of commonly used systems and of ways to feed or facilitate loading of fonts that include N'Ko.
Addendum (25 Sept. 2014):
After some helpful observations from Charles Riley on display of this post in different browsers, I've revised some of the HTML and the N'Ko text should now be readable on more systems. I'll write about lessons learned in an upcoming post on this blog. [See here.]
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